Sources confirm that the Armenians were purposefully resettled in the South Caucasus in stages. It should be noted that back in the first quarter of the XVIII century, the Armenians hoped that Tsarist Russia would support them and intended to assist Tsarism in the occupation of the Caucasus and implement their insidious policies. Tsarist Russia used the Armenians in contact with it as a means for the implementation of its future plans of occupation. At the beginning of the XIX century, in 1805, on May 14, the Kurekchay treaty (“sworn obligation”) was signed between the Khan of Karabakh Ibrahim Khan and the commander - in-chief of the Caucasian troops of Tsarist Russia, general Sisianov. This fact shows that if the Armenians lived and held positions in the Karabakh Khanate, the contract with General Sisianov would not have been signed with the Karabakh Khan Ibrahim Khan. At the same time, according to the “description of the Karabakh province”compiled by Tsarist officials Yermolov and Mogilyovsky, which provides detailed information on the number and ethnic composition of the Karabakh population, as well as considered an important document, in 1823 there were 20 thousand 95 families in the Karabakh province, including 15 thousand 729 Azerbaijanis and 4 thousand 366 Armenian families. After the kurakchay treaty, that is, by 1823, due to the Armenians resettled in Karabakh, their number in the province increased to 4,366. During this period, one of the main directions of resettlement of Armenians was the territory of Karabakh, which is of important strategic importance, and special attention was paid to this region by Tsarism. Historical facts show that mass resettlement of the Armenian population from Iran and Turkey to the mountainous part of the Karabakh region of Azerbaijan, which is of strategic importance, began at the beginning of the XIX century. In the course of the Russian-Iranian wars of 1804-1813, 1826-1828 and Russian-Turkish wars of 1828-1829, as well as later as a result of mass resettlement of Armenians from Iran and Turkey to the South Caucasus, including Karabakh, their number increased every year. This is confirmed by such documents as the Gulistan (October 12, 1813) and Turkmenchay (February 10, 1828) agreements concluded between Russia and Iran. These facts were confirmed by the Russian researcher N.N.Shavrov describes as follows: "after the end of the war of 1828-1830, we resettled more than 40 thousand Iranian and 84 thousand Turkish Armenians and settled them in the best state lands of the provinces of Yelizavetpol and Yerevan, in the provinces of Tbilisi, Borchaly, Akhalsikh, Akhalkalak. These Armenians were settled in the mountainous part of Yelizavetpol province (we mean the mountainous part of Karabakh) and on the shores of Lake Goycha. It should also be borne in mind that apart from 124 thousand Armenians who were officially resettled, together with those who moved here unofficially, their number exceeds 200 thousand people.” A witness of the Turkmanchay peace treaty between Russia and Iran on the partition of Azerbaijan, a participant in the resettlement of Armenians from Iran to the Caucasus, including Azerbaijani lands, Russian writer A.Griboyedov writes that most of the resettled Armenians are Muslims ( we mean Azerbaijanis-E.A.) settled on the lands of their landowners. Further, the author writes:”...We must agree with the Muslims on this difficult situation in which they find themselves, to convince them that the Armenians will stay here temporarily, so that they can abandon the idea of permanently acquiring the lands where the Armenians were first allowed." In addition, under the Edirne Treaty of 1829, the resettlement of Armenians from the Ottoman Empire to Azerbaijani lands began. As a continuation of this resettlement process, during the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1879, another 85 thousand Armenians were resettled from Turkey to the South Caucasus. The resettlement of Armenians in the South Caucasus continued in the late XIX-early XX centuries. From 1896 to 1908 alone-in 13 years 400 thousand Armenians were resettled in Transcaucasia. About this N.N.Shavrov writes: "in 1896, Adjutant General Sheremetyev in his information about Armenians living in Transcaucasia indicated that their number was 900 thousand people. In 1908, their number reached 1 million 300 thousand people, that is, during this time the Armenians increased to more than 400 thousand people. Currently, out of 1 million 300 thousand Armenians living in Transcaucasia, 1 million people are not rooted residents of the land, and they were resettled here by us.” It should be noted that as a result of the mass resettlement of Armenians to Karabakh, new Armenian villages - Maragali, Janyatag, Yukhari Chayli, Ashagi Chayli, etc.were located here. villages were built. The Armenians who moved from the city of Maragha of South Azerbaijan to the mountainous part of Karabakh and settled there, erected a monument in honor of that resettlement in Agdara district in 1828, 150 years later, in 1978, during the Soviet period (the Armenian words “Maragha-150” were written on the monument), but at the end of the 80s of Russian researcher V.L.Velichko writes: "the scenario of the massacres committed against Azerbaijanis in the Caucasus at the beginning of the twentieth century, especially in the territory of present-day Armenia, was based on the experience gained by Armenians in eastern Anatolia at the end of the XIX century. After the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878, the “Armenian question”, which was put on the agenda as a result of the efforts of European states, later became a means of gaining autonomy for Armenians in eastern Anatolia and building an independent Armenian state. In order to achieve this autonomy, it was necessary to achieve numerical superiority of the Armenians in the Eastern Anatolian regions, that is, in the regions that the Armenians called “Western Armenia”. However, the numerical superiority in any of the provinces, which the Armenians called “Western Armenia”, was not on their side. The French Foreign Ministry, which acted as the guardian of the Armenians, acknowledged this in a document issued in 1897.” At the same time, due to the resettlement of Armenians, the demographic situation in Yerevan province also changed. The statistical collection of the Central Statistical Office of the Armenian SSR, published in 1962, shows that in 1831 the population of Yerevan was 18,766 people, 15,992 people, and in 1866 out of 27,246 people, 23,627 people were Azerbaijanis (that is, 85.2% of the population). In 1897, the Azerbaijani population in Yerevan province was 313176 people, but 10 years later - in 1907-302965 people remained. So, in 1905 and 1906, more than 10 thousand Azerbaijanis were killed in Yerevan province after 10 years of natural population growth. Armenian researcher Zaven Korkodyan's book “population of Soviet Armenia 1932-1831”, published in Yerevan in 1931, notes that 2,310 settlements in Yerevan, Echmiadzin, Yeni Bayazid, Alexandropol districts of Yerevan province, Zangazur and Gazakh-Dilijan districts of Yelizavetpol (Ganja) province, Lori-Pembek (Borchali district) District of Tbilisi province were 2,000 it belonged to Azerbaijanis. Of the 10 thousand people living in Yerevan, 7 thousand people were Azerbaijanis, as well as all 40 people who ruled the Khanate were Azerbaijanis. By 1920, the number of Azerbaijani population in Irevan province, especially in Irevan province was much higher, i.e. 99 thousand people in the province, 62.6 thousand people (66%) were Azerbaijanis and 36.4 thousand people (34%) were Armenians. Thus, the process of resettlement of Armenians continued throughout the XIX century and as a result affected the demographic situation in the region, as a result, their artificial reproduction in the South Caucasus led to the emergence of ethnic cleansing, genocide and aggressive policies against Azerbaijanis since the beginning of the XX century. In March-April 1918, about 50 thousand people were tortured to death by Armenian Dashnaks in Baku and other territories of Azerbaijan. At the same time, in 1918-1920, of the 575 thousand Azerbaijanis who lived in the territory of the present Republic of Armenia, 565 thousand people were killed or expelled from their native lands. This figure is Z.In his book “the population of Soviet Armenia 1831-1931” Korkodyan affirms: “in 1920, the Soviet government had only a little more than 10 thousand Turkish (Azerbaijani) population left from Dashnaks. In 1922, after the return of 60 thousand refugees, Azerbaijanis were 72 thousand 596 people here, and in 1931-105 thousand 838 people”. In addition, hundreds of settlements of Azerbaijan, including 115 settlements in zangazur province, 211 settlements in Yerevan province (32 in Yerevan province, 7 in Yeni-Bayazid, 75 in Surmali, 84 in Echmiadzin) were burned, destroyed and looted by Armenians. 132 thousand Azerbaijanis were killed in Yerevan province, more than 10 thousand in zangazur province. The number of refugees from the Yerevan province exceeded 80 thousand people. Using the Sovietization of the South Caucasus for their own purposes, the Armenians managed to include Zangazur and a number of Azerbaijani lands in the Armenian SSR in 1920. Thus, the separation of Nakhchivan from Azerbaijan and the severance of dry ties took place. In later periods, the Armenians further expanded the policy of deportation of Azerbaijanis who historically lived in Zangezur and other territories given to Armenia. In Soviet times, in 1947, on December 23, according to the decision of the Council of Ministers of the USSR “on the resettlement of collective farmers and other Azerbaijanis from the Armenian SSR to the Kur - Araz lowland of the Azerbaijan SSR”, in 1948-53, as a result of mass deportation of Azerbaijanis from historical lands, especially from Yerevan and its surrounding regions, about 150 As a result, the government of the Armenian SSR, thanks to the assistance of its patrons in the leadership of the USSR, achieved at the state level the mass deportation of Azerbaijanis living in the territory of the Armenian SSR from their historical lands in 1948-1953. And the Armenians brought from abroad were placed in the Houses of Azerbaijanis who were deported from the Armenian SSR on a planned basis under the guise of repatriation, which had all the conditions for living. At the same time, at the end of the twentieth century, in 1988-1991, as a result of ethnic cleansing, out of 185 Azerbaijani villages in Armenia, up to 350 thousand Azerbaijanis were subjected to aggression and displaced from their historically inhabited lands. Only after national leader Heydar Aliyev returned to political power in 1993, in connection with the genocide committed by Armenians against Azerbaijanis from time to time, by the decree signed in 1998 on March 26, March 31 was declared the day of genocide of Azerbaijanis.
At the same time, Heydar Aliyev's decree “on mass deportation of Azerbaijanis from their historical and ethnic lands in the territory of the Armenian SSR in 1948-1953” of 1997 dated December 18 is of great importance in terms of comprehensive investigation of the deportation of Azerbaijanis from the territory of the Armenian SSR, legal and political assessment of this crime and its These decrees are important not only for studying the bloody pages of our history and imprinting them in memory, but also for exposing Armenian chauvinism and terrorism. From this point of view, President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev has repeatedly stated at various high-level events that Yerevan is our historical land, and we Azerbaijanis must return to these historical lands, this is our political and strategic goal, and we must gradually approach this goal: “we must not forget and do not forget our historical lands. This should be the direction for our future activities, just as we are working in this direction today. Our historical lands are irevan Khanate, Zangezur and Goycha districts. The young generation and the world should know this.” President Ilham Aliyev stressed that we must convey to the world the realities of Azerbaijan, especially the historical truths related to the Armenian-Azerbaijani Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, and stressed that historical justice is on our side, and international law supports our position. Noting that Azerbaijan could not put any serious arguments against the arguments of Armenia, but based on lies, slander, historical falsification and mythology, the head of state noted that this is, in fact, their trait, and they are buying up some politicians within the framework of a wide network, which is no secret to anyone. At the same time, the head of state stressed the need to reveal historical facts in all international organizations, saying that the absolute majority of toponyms in the territory of present-day Armenia on the maps published by the Russian Empire at the beginning of the twentieth century are of Azerbaijani origin: “it must be said, it is necessary to bring those maps. It is necessary to bring maps of our occupied present lands. It is necessary to familiarize all international organizations and representatives operating there. At the same time, during meetings with representatives of the parliaments of Muslim countries, photos of our mosques destroyed by Armenians should be shown. I do it. I show these pictures to the leaders of many Muslim countries.” In this regard, President Ilham Aliyev said that we should be active in all organizations related to the Armenian-Azerbaijani Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and conduct offensive diplomacy, noting that justice is on our side, very inappropriate, false and frivolous attempts by the Armenian side manifested themselves at the Munich Security Conference and exposed them again, because all their history is falsification, as well as Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev taught the Armenian prime minister a real lesson in international law and history during the panel discussions on the Armenia-Azerbaijan Nagorno-Karabakh conflict on February 2020, 15 within the framework of the Munich Security Conference: “the Armenian people have already determined their destiny. They have an Armenian state. My advice will be to find another place on earth for the second time for self-determination, and not in Azerbaijan!”
Elchin Ahmadov
Professor of the Academy of Public Administration under the president of the Republic of Azerbaijan, doctor of Political Sciences